Click on the little + icon to replace the listed addresses with the Google DNS 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 server addresses if using IPv4. If using IPv6, then you’ll … 8.8.8.8 est une adresse IP du serveur DNS gratuit et public de Google LLC. Le serveur DNS peut convertir les noms de domaine en adresses IP facilement reconnaissables par le réseau, de sorte que les utilisateurs n'aient qu'à saisir le nom de domaine pour accéder au site Web cible lorsqu'ils surfent sur Internet, au lieu de saisir de longues adresses IP numériques. In the screenshot below the IP 8.8.8.8 resolves to the domain name dns.google.com. Nslookup domain name (Domain to IP Address) nslookup domainname. If you want to find the IP address of a domain name then use this command.What does changing DNS to 8.8 8.8 do? Changing your DNS to 8.8 8.8 sets your DNS server to Google Public DNS. This allows your device to …A DNS server, short for Domain Name System server, is a crucial component of the internet infrastructure. It acts as a directory for translating human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses. While there are numerous DNS servers available, one popular and widely used option is the 8.8.8 …are the 12.34.56 servers being passed out by the DHCP server? you are enabling DHCP, but then specifying DNS servers. you can use a dhcp4-overrides with a setting use-dns: false to ignore the dns servers being pushed down via dhcp if you want.Dễ dàng truy cập các trang mạng xã hội ở nước ngoài và các web chặn IP. Hướng dẫn thay đổi DNS 8.8.8.8 đơn giản. Mục đích của việc thay đổi địa chỉ IP là giúp bạn có thể suy cập các trang web chặn IP hay có thể dễ dàng truy cập vào các website nước ngoài.Google has two easy-to-remember Public DNS Servers (8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4). Here's what happens when you change to Google's 8.8.8.8 DNS.Feb 14, 2020 ... Also it may be good to add for IPv6 DNS Server IPs as well. ... Inderpreet February 17, 2020, 4:09am #8 ... nameserver 8.8.8.8. Do a curl -L https ...Sep 18, 2022 ... DNS forwarders that points to 8.8.8.8 only are using your ISP connection to hop to 8.8.8.8 when resolving DNS. You have a local DNS resolution ...Here is a compilation of different ways to change/set the DNS Server in Android Devices In this thread, I'll be setting the DNS Servers to 8.8.88 & 8.8.4.4 (Google DNS). You can use any DNS server of your wish. FOR NON-ROOTED DEVICES: Method...Google's DNS service: Google public DNS. I was asked to put 8.8.8.8 as an alternative DNS server. Through whois I found that the IP address corresponds …Should I use DNS 8.8 8.8? 8.8. It is recommended that the LAN interfaces of domain controllers/DNS servers always point to other domain controllers/DNS interfaces and thus to themselves, not to the external IP address. …. In most cases of third-party DNS filtering, any external DNS resolver, such as 8.8.Jul 22, 2020 · The stub resolver is configured with the DNS-over-TLS resolver name dns.google. The stub resolver obtains the IP address (es) for dns.google using the local DNS resolver. The stub resolver makes a TCP connection to port 853 at the one those IP address. The stub resolver initiates a TLS handshake with the Google Public DNS resolver. ประกาศ : ที่อยู่ IP ที่ถูกต้องมีตัวเลข 4 ตัวและเชื่อมต่อด้วยจุด เช่น ตัวเลข 3 ตัวใน 8.8.8 และ 5 ตัวเลขใน 8.8.8.8.1 นั้นไม่ใช่ที่อยู่ IP ที่ถูก ...May 6, 2022 · Right-click on the network icon in the taskbar and start the “ Network and Sharing Center ”: Highlight “ IP version 4 (TCP/IPv4) ” in the list. Define the switch to “ Use the following DNS server addresses “: In the Preferred DNS server area, specify “ 8.8.8.8 “. In the Alternative section, optionally, provide “ 8.8.4.4 “. Google has two easy-to-remember Public DNS Servers (8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4). Here's what happens when you change to Google's 8.8.8.8 DNS.Dec 18, 2022 · Nslookup IP Address (IP to Domain Name) nslookup 8.8.8.8. Use this command if you know the IP address and want to find the domain name. In the screenshot below the IP 8.8.8.8 resolves to the domain name dns.google.com Now enter in the primary and secondary DNS addresses and apply changes. Again according to Google you can interchange the Primary and secondary address, but don't use the same number for both. We set ours up as the following: Primary: 8.8.8.8. Secondary: 8.8.4.4Pilih Use the following DNS server addresses. Jika disana ada IP Address yang sudah terdaftar pada Preferred DNS server atau Alternate DNS server, silakan dihapus. Ganti dengan IP address dari Google DNS servers: UntukIPv4: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4. Untuk IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844.Configure your network settings to use the IP addresses 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 as your DNS servers. Or, read our configuration instructions (IPv6 addresses supported …So, if you're a privacy-concerned user, the best alternative is Cloudflare's 1.1.1.1 DNS. 3. Speed and Performance. In terms of speed, Cloudflare Public DNS outperforms Google DNS. This is because of several things, including global coverage, more servers, and network optimization. At times, DNS lookups create a bottleneck, slowing down your ...Mar 11, 2024 · What does DNS 8.8 8.8 and 8.8 4.4 do? These are the domain name system servers for Google and essentially Google’s public IPs. Changing your domain name system settings to these IP addresses puts you on Google’s domain name system service, allowing you access to their fast speeds and security. Anyone can use the Google DNS 8.8. 8.8 or 8.8. 8.8.8.8 is the IP address of a DNS server, which belongs to Google LLC - California. The following is the more detailed information of this DNS …If the DNS server has the IP address, it sends it back to your computer. ... The speed difference compared to Google Public DNS [ 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4 ] is not much; but still faster.25.3.8 The NDB Cluster Auto-Installer (NO LONGER SUPPORTED) This section describes the basics for planning, installing, configuring, and running an NDB Cluster. Whereas the examples in Section 25.4, “Configuration of NDB Cluster” provide more in-depth information on a variety of clustering options and configuration, the result of following ...DNS, short for Domain Name System, is one of the most common yet misunderstood components of the web landscape.To put it simply, DNS helps direct traffic on the Internet by connecting domain names with actual web servers. Essentially, it takes a human-friendly request – a domain name like kinsta.com – …文章浏览阅读10w+次，点赞16次，收藏63次。一、两者的联系 114.114.114.114和8.8.8.8，这两个ip地址都属于公共域名解析服务dns其中的一部分，而且由于不是用于商业用途的，这两个dns都很纯净，不用担心因isp运营商导致的dns劫持等问题，而且都是免费提供给用户使用的。Sep 19, 2021 · Paso 1: Capturar tráfico DNS. a. Abran Wireshark e inicien una captura de Wireshark; para ello, hagan doble clic en una interfaz de red con tráfico. b. En el símbolo del sistema, escriban ipconfig/flushdns y borren el caché de DNS. C:\Users\Student> ipconfig /flushdns. Configuración IP de Windows. 8.8.8.8 est une adresse IP du serveur DNS gratuit et public de Google LLC. Le serveur DNS peut convertir les noms de domaine en adresses IP facilement reconnaissables par le réseau, de sorte que les utilisateurs n'aient qu'à saisir le nom de domaine pour accéder au site Web cible lorsqu'ils surfent sur Internet, au lieu de saisir de longues adresses IP numériques. In vSphere UI, select the virtual machine and navigate to Configure > vApp Options > Properties. For each Key below, select the Key, then click Set Value . Enter the below values and click OK. IP address: vami.ip0.vRealize_Operations_Manager_Appliance. Subnet Mask: vami.netmask0.vRealize_Operations_Manager_Appliance.In the screenshot below the IP 8.8.8.8 resolves to the domain name dns.google.com. Nslookup domain name (Domain to IP Address) nslookup domainname. If you want to find the IP address of a domain name then use this command.Anyone can use the Google DNS 8.8.8.8 or 8.8.4.4 IP addresses. Is 1.1.1.1 still the fastest DNS? The independent DNS monitor DNSPerf ranks 1.1.1.1 the fastest DNS service in the world. Since nearly everything you …iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.178.22 netmask 255.255.255.0 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 dns-search foo iface eth0 inet6 static address fe80::390:f5ff:fef7:96b9/64 dns-nameservers ::2 dns-search bar I then did $ sudo ifup eth0 The results:I can ping 8.8.8.8 just fine, but ping google.com returns ping: unknown host google.com. Also my browser can't seem to connect to any site. I can browse just fine on other network tho. Have tried solutions offered in. I can ping IPs but can't resolve domains; can ping google dns, but not google.de -> unknown host // worked in another networkLa dirección IP 8.8.8.8 es una IP Pública de tipo IPv4, ubicada en Mountain View, California, Estados Unidos, Norteamérica. Ubicación de IP, WHOIS, CIDR, ASName, AsNumber, hostname y más. WebAnalysis IP & Redes8.8.8.8是由Google提供的一个公共DNS服务器地址。 Google将这个DNS服务器地址开放给了全球用户，并保证了其可用性和可靠性。 但是在大陆有墙，谷歌的DNS是无法正常使用的。Nov 8, 2019 ... Force/Redirect DNS queries to 8.8.8.8 to another DNS server (internal or external) · create static mappings for the devices · find the device ...Dec 18, 2022 · Nslookup IP Address (IP to Domain Name) nslookup 8.8.8.8. Use this command if you know the IP address and want to find the domain name. In the screenshot below the IP 8.8.8.8 resolves to the domain name dns.google.com Sep 30, 2011 ... All the computers on my network keep resetting their DNS server to 8.8.8.8 which I believe is a Google public DNS. I change the DNS back to ...Google所提供的DNS伺服器IP位址為超好記的「8.8.8.8」與「8.8.4.4」， 更厲害的是，如果你有自己的網址，改完網域名稱的IP之後，沒一兩分鐘就可以馬上生效（一般都是6小時~24小時內） ，如果Google Public DNS的使用者多的話，網站搬家就不用耗太久時間 …See full list on developers.google.com Em seguida, ative a caixa de seleção “Opções Avançadas”. No campo “Definições IP” que surge, altere a opção DHCP para “Estático”. Por fim, altere as configurações de DNS. Você poderá usar os servidores de DNS do Google, bastando para isso definir o servidor DNS1 com os valores “8.8.8.8” e o DNS2 …See full list on developers.google.com Jul 22, 2020 · The stub resolver is configured with the DNS-over-TLS resolver name dns.google. The stub resolver obtains the IP address (es) for dns.google using the local DNS resolver. The stub resolver makes a TCP connection to port 853 at the one those IP address. The stub resolver initiates a TLS handshake with the Google Public DNS resolver. Jun 14, 2022 · The company also has its public DNS, which is better than Google’s 8.8.8.8 DNS. It has memorable IP addresses like 1.1.1.1 and 1.0.0.1 that are secure and provide privacy protection features. In today’s digital age, where our every move is tracked and our personal information is at risk, it has become increasingly important to take steps to protect our online privacy. O...When clients send queries to Google Public DNS, they are routed to the nearest location advertising the anycast address used (8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4, or one of the IPv6 addresses in 2001:4860:4860::). The specific locations advertising …ที่อยู่ ip ที่ถูกต้องมีตัวเลข 4 ตัวและเชื่อมต่อด้วยจุด เช่น ตัวเลข 3 ตัวใน 8.8.4 และ 5 ตัวเลขใน 8.8.4.4.1 นั้นไม่ใช่ที่อยู่ ip ที่ถูกต้องThe vSphere 8 reached GA on 8th November 2022. In this post we shall be taking a look at deploying the VCSA 8 without a DNS in the environment.The vCenter can be deployed using the GUI deploy method or the CLI deploy method. System administrators may come across a scenario where they would have to deploy the VCSA appliance without an existing …Start Wireshark. Select an active interface with traffic for packet capture. b. Clear the DNS cache. 1) In Windows, enter ipconfig /flushdns in Command Prompt. 2) For the majority of Linux distributions, one of the following utilities is used for DNS caching: Systemd -Resolved, DNSMasq, and NSCD. If your Linux distribution does not use one of ...To configure OpenVPN server to push DNS addresses to clients, edit the OpenVPN server configuration file and add the line; push "dhcp-option DNS X.X.X.X". Where X.X.X.X is the DNS server IP address. You can add multiple DNS server entries; push "dhcp-option DNS 192.168.58.22". push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8".Enterprise Networking, Security and Automation v7.0 ENSA - 3.8.8 Lab - Explore DNS Traffic.docx file: https://drive.google.com/file/d/15CEsKojJqVvU19HnSt75vM...10.8.8.8 Here you can find all lookup results for private IP address 10.8.8.8.If you are trying to find how to login to your wireless router, access point, modem or extender, you can access the built-in management page by clicking the following link for http or https. The most used default username and password to gain access to the router …The .NET Runtime contains just the components needed to run a console app. Typically, you'd also install either the ASP.NET Core Runtime or .NET Desktop Runtime. .NET 8.0 downloads for Linux, macOS, and Windows. . NET is a free, cross-platform, open-source developer platform for building many different types of applications.Mar 11, 2024 · What does DNS 8.8 8.8 and 8.8 4.4 do? These are the domain name system servers for Google and essentially Google’s public IPs. Changing your domain name system settings to these IP addresses puts you on Google’s domain name system service, allowing you access to their fast speeds and security. Anyone can use the Google DNS 8.8. 8.8 or 8.8. Feb 14, 2020 ... Also it may be good to add for IPv6 DNS Server IPs as well. ... Inderpreet February 17, 2020, 4:09am #8 ... nameserver 8.8.8.8. Do a curl -L https ...DNS servers are responsible for translating complex numeric IP addresses into addresses that are easy for humans to remember. If you want to visit your favorite site, ... Type in the Google DNS server addresses: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4 for IPv4. 2001:4860:4860::8888 and/or 2001:4860:4860::8844 for IPv6.When it comes to tracking IP addresses, there are a variety of software solutions available. But which one is right for you? It all depends on your individual needs and budget. IP ...For example, if Google Public DNS has been applied, the output will be: Default Server: dns.google Address: 8.8.8.8. 7 You can now close the elevated command prompt if you ... unencrypted allowed in the Preferred DNS encryption and Alternate DNS encryption drop menus. You can add any IP address listed here to unlock the DoH dropdown ...Enter the IP 192.168.8.1 into your browser and pressing enter. If no login screen shows up, try finding the correct IP address for your router by Searching for your router. admin. admin. Enter your router username. This could be admin, or one of these If you changed the username on the router and can't remember it, try resetting your router. 1. 8.8.8.8 چیست؟. 8.8.8.8 یک آدرس IP سرور DNS رایگان و عمومی Google LLC است. سرور DNS می تواند نام دامنه ها را به آدرس های IP تبدیل کند که به راحتی توسط شبکه قابل شناسایی باشد، به طوری که کاربران برای دسترسی به وب ... Jul 16, 2023 · When you change your DNS to ‘8.8.8.8’, it means you are configuring your device to use Google’s DNS resolver as the primary DNS server. Using Google’s public DNS resolver can offer certain ... Now enter in the primary and secondary DNS addresses and apply changes. Again according to Google you can interchange the Primary and secondary address, but don't use the same number for both. We set ours up as the following: Primary: 8.8.8.8. Secondary: 8.8.4.4Jan 1, 2016 ... IPV4: 8.8. · IPV6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 · Change DNS Server Settings: ( Please save your current IP address somewhere before you proceed. · Win...Oct 22, 2016 - Use fast and reliable Google DNS IP-addresses (8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4) on your PC, router or mobile to make browsers surf the Internet faster.Launch the Settings window. If you are connected to a WiFi network click on the “Wi-FI” tab. Otherwise, if you have a wired connection click on the “Network” tab. Select the connection for which you want to set the DNS nameservers and click on the cog icon to open the Network Manager. Select the IPv4 Settings tab.Apr 13, 2019 ... I have Verizon FIOS and have their router set in bridge mode. Under Network, Interfaces, LAN, I have use custom DNS servers set to: 8.8.8.8, 8.8 ...Copied! # nmcli general hostname new-hostname.example.com. 12.2. Changing a hostname using hostnamectl. You can use the hostnamectl utility to update the hostname. By default, this utility sets the following hostname types: Static hostname: Stored in the /etc/hostname file. Typically, services use this name as the hostname.Jul 22, 2020 · The stub resolver is configured with the DNS-over-TLS resolver name dns.google. The stub resolver obtains the IP address (es) for dns.google using the local DNS resolver. The stub resolver makes a TCP connection to port 853 at the one those IP address. The stub resolver initiates a TLS handshake with the Google Public DNS resolver. I can ping 8.8.8.8 just fine, but ping google.com returns ping: unknown host google.com. Also my browser can't seem to connect to any site. I can browse just fine on other network tho. Have tried solutions offered in. I can ping IPs but can't resolve domains; can ping google dns, but not google.de -> unknown host // worked in another network8.8.8.8 là địa chỉ IP của máy chủ DNS công cộng và miễn phí của Google LLC. Máy chủ DNS có thể chuyển đổi tên miền thành địa chỉ IP mà mạng có thể dễ dàng nhận ra, do đó người dùng chỉ cần nhập tên miền để truy cập trang web mục tiêu khi …When clients send queries to Google Public DNS, they are routed to the nearest location advertising the anycast address used (8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4, or one of the IPv6 addresses in 2001:4860:4860::). The specific locations advertising …Note that for the following steps, you must have openssl.cnf and other configuration of your CA ready. To generate an OCSP-enabled certificate: Create a private key: openssl genrsa -aes256 -out ocsp-cert.key 4096. Create a signing request (CSR): openssl req -config openssl.cnf -new -sha256 \.When clients send queries to Google Public DNS, they are routed to the nearest location advertising the anycast address used (8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4, or one of the IPv6 addresses in 2001:4860:4860::). The specific locations advertising these anycast addresses change due to network conditions and traffic load, and include nearly all of the Core data ...8.8.8.8是一个IP地址，是Google LLC提供的免费DNS服务器的IP地址。. DNS服务器可以把域名转换成为网络可以识别的IP地址，这样用户在上网时仅需输入域名就可访问到目标网站，而不需要输入冗长的数字IP地址。. 用户将自己的DNS服务器地址设置为8.8.8.8后，就可以连接 ...If there's a single DNS IP address which points at your router ... nslookup website.com 8.8.8.8. The 8.8.8.8 address uses Google DNS – replace that with any DNS service you like, ...There are several ways to change your IP address, including unplugging your modem, using a different Internet connection, using a proxy server and contacting your Internet service ...Configure your network settings to use the IP addresses 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 as your DNS servers. Or, read our configuration instructions (IPv6 addresses supported too). If you decide to try Google Public DNS, your client programs will perform all DNS lookups using Google Public DNS. In addition to traditional DNS over UDP or …8.8.8.8 - Google Public DNSEn particulier, le 8.8.8.8 est utilisé pour empêcher le blocage des sites Web et des noms de domaine liés au DNS, qui est généralement limité par les gouvernements. 8.8.8.8 est devenu si populaire parce qu'il était très facile à retenir en tant qu...ประกาศ : ที่อยู่ IP ที่ถูกต้องมีตัวเลข 4 ตัวและเชื่อมต่อด้วยจุด เช่น ตัวเลข 3 ตัวใน 8.8.8 และ 5 ตัวเลขใน 8.8.8.8.1 นั้นไม่ใช่ที่อยู่ IP ที่ถูก ...In the world of computer networking, TCP/IP is a term that often comes up. It stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is a set of protocols used to establish...Just in case you still don’t know, an internet protocol address or IP address is a set of numbers that uniquely identifies each device — such as computers, mobile phones, cameras a...Apr 6, 2018 · DNSサーバーを手動で指定する. そうしたら、開いた設定画面で、 「次のDNSサーバーのアドレスを使う」を選択 してから、 「優先DNSサーバー」に「8.8.8.8」 、 「代替DNSサーバー」に「8.8.4.4」を入力 し、 「OK」をクリック します。. ※「8.8.8.8」以外のDNS ... Google's DNS service: Google public DNS. I was asked to put 8.8.8.8 as an alternative DNS server. Through whois I found that the IP address corresponds …Preferred DNS Server: 8.8.8.8. Alternate DNS Server: 8.8.4.4. Click Ok and then close out of the remaining windows and reboot your system, then you'll …Red Hat Training. A Red Hat training course is available for RHEL 8. Chapter 30. Configuring the order of DNS servers. Most applications use the getaddrinfo () function of the glibc library to resolve DNS requests. By default, glibc sends all DNS requests to the first DNS server specified in the /etc/resolv.conf file.Level3 DNS: 209.244.0.3 and 209.244.0.4; Norton ConnectSafe: 199.85.126.10 and 199.85.127.10; Comodo Secure DNS: 8.26.56.26 and 8.20.247.20; If you wish to check your domain on less popular DNS servers, you may choose Custom from our dropdown list, and enter a fully-qualified domain name or IP address of the DNS server to retrieve results.
Guide to register 8.8.8.8 on a router. Google DNS network parameters on Android. Purpose of Google Public DNS. As may you already be aware of, the …. Dreamworks dragons riders of berk
In today’s digital age, ensuring the security of your data is of utmost importance. One way to enhance your online security is by using a secure DNS service. To understand secure D...Mar 18, 2024 · Bước 4: Ở bước cuối cùng, kích hoạt tùy chọn Use the following DNS server addresses và nhập cả hai địa chỉ cho các DNS server public: Preferred DNS server: 8.8.8.8. Alternate DNS server: 8.8.4.4; Xem thêm: Cách đổi DNS trên điện thoại iPhone, Android; 11 giải pháp khắc phục sự cố DNS Resolution IP: 8.1.1.8. IP data ISP: LEVEL3: ASN: 3356: Tools: whois ping traceroute mtr dns Geographical Data; Continent: North America (NA) Country: United States (US) ... server test SSH server test TCP port checker Ping tool Detect proxy Proxy checker Whois tool Traceroute tool Mtr report tool DNS lookup IP bulk lookup Bulk URL renderer Email … 1. 8.8.8.8 چیست؟. 8.8.8.8 یک آدرس IP سرور DNS رایگان و عمومی Google LLC است. سرور DNS می تواند نام دامنه ها را به آدرس های IP تبدیل کند که به راحتی توسط شبکه قابل شناسایی باشد، به طوری که کاربران برای دسترسی به وب ... Aug 14, 2018 ... 8.8 is. It is an anycast IP address. Traffic sent to it is routed to the network interfaces of multiple machines around the world, run by Google ...Hi - actually my question was about using Google's DNS to resolve IP addresses. 8.8.8.8 is an open public DNS server. I already know how to set DNS on the System Preferences, so my question is how to get my server recognized on my LAN via the Airport settings and the Server device (the Mac mini) settings. Thanks!1. 8.8.8.8 چیست؟. 8.8.8.8 یک آدرس IP سرور DNS رایگان و عمومی Google LLC است. سرور DNS می تواند نام دامنه ها را به آدرس های IP تبدیل کند که به راحتی توسط شبکه قابل شناسایی باشد، به طوری که کاربران برای دسترسی به وب ...Mar 3, 2021 ... However I still see in the firewall logs the WAN IP connecting to 8.8.8.8 and port 53 for DNS. Where would this DNS server (8.8.8.8 ) be ...The stub resolver is configured with the DNS-over-TLS resolver name dns.google. The stub resolver obtains the IP address (es) for dns.google using the local DNS resolver. The stub resolver makes a TCP connection to port 853 at the one those IP address. The stub resolver initiates a TLS handshake with the Google …3.8.8 Lab - Explore DNS Traffic - ILM.docx - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free.Loading EaglercraftX 1.8 Cacheing... Last fetched: now. Skip DownloadSep 18, 2022 ... DNS forwarders that points to 8.8.8.8 only are using your ISP connection to hop to 8.8.8.8 when resolving DNS. You have a local DNS resolution ...Jul 22, 2020 · The stub resolver is configured with the DNS-over-TLS resolver name dns.google. The stub resolver obtains the IP address (es) for dns.google using the local DNS resolver. The stub resolver makes a TCP connection to port 853 at the one those IP address. The stub resolver initiates a TLS handshake with the Google Public DNS resolver. .