Dec 24, 2023 · The output is similar to this: Writing a Job spec. As with all other Kubernetes config, a Job needs apiVersion, kind, and metadata fields.. When the control plane creates new Pods for a Job, the .metadata.name of the Job is part of the basis for naming those Pods. The name of a Job must be a valid DNS subdomain value, but this can produce …Nov 16, 2023 · Author: Milan Plžík (Grafana Labs) There’s been quite a lot of posts suggesting that not using Kubernetes resource limits might be a fairly useful thing (for example, For the Love of God, Stop Using CPU Limits on Kubernetes or Kubernetes: Make your services faster by removing CPU limits ). The points made there are totally valid – it doesn’t make much sense to pay for compute power ... kubectl get limitrange cpu-min-max-demo-lr --output=yaml --namespace=constraints-cpu-example. The output shows the minimum and maximum CPU constraints as expected. But notice that even though you didn't specify default values in the configuration file for the LimitRange, they were …Aug 5, 2020 ... Managing Kubernetes resources: 5 things to remember · 1. Use namespaces and resource quotas · 2. Use limit ranges · 3. Set network policies &mi...A Kubernetes pod is a group of containers and is the smallest unit that Kubernetes administers. Pods have a single IP address applied to every container within the pod. Pods are always co-located and co-scheduled and run in a shared context. Containers in a pod share the same resources such as memory and … Kubernetes (pronounced “koo-ber-net-ees”) is open-source software for deploying and managing those containers at scale—and it’s also the Greek word for helmsmen of a ship or pilot. Build, deliver, and scale containerized apps faster with Kubernetes, sometimes referred to as “k8s” or “k-eights.”. January 9, 2024. Learning Kubernetes can seem overwhelming. It’s a complex container orchestration system that has a steep learning curve. But with the right roadmap and …To get CPU and Memory usage you can use (depending on the object you like to see) the following: kubectl top pods or kubectl top nodes which will show you $ kubectl top pods NAME CPU(cores) MEMORY(bytes) nginx-1-5d4f8f66d9-xmhnh 0m 1MiJan 21, 2022 ... I want to create a CI job with multiple services and set resource requests/limits for containers in the job's Pod specifically for each of ...kubectl get limitrange mem-min-max-demo-lr --namespace=constraints-mem-example --output=yaml. The output shows the minimum and maximum memory constraints as expected. But notice that even though you didn't specify default values in the configuration file for the …Dec 7, 2023 · This tutorial shows you how to run a sample app on Kubernetes using minikube. The tutorial provides a container image that uses NGINX to echo back all the requests. Objectives Deploy a sample application to minikube. Run the app. View application logs. Before you begin This tutorial assumes that you have already set up minikube. See … Kubernetes (pronounced “koo-ber-net-ees”) is open-source software for deploying and managing those containers at scale—and it’s also the Greek word for helmsmen of a ship or pilot. Build, deliver, and scale containerized apps faster with Kubernetes, sometimes referred to as “k8s” or “k-eights.”. Jan 11, 2023 · Use either kubectl or the Kubernetes API to delete the Deployment, depending on the Kubernetes version your cluster runs. To check the version, enter kubectl version. You can delete objects using background cascading deletion using kubectl or the Kubernetes API. Kubernetes uses background cascading deletion by default, and does …Labels are key/value pairs that are attached to objects such as Pods. Labels are intended to be used to specify identifying attributes of objects that are meaningful and relevant to users, but do not directly imply semantics to the core system. Labels can be used to organize and to select subsets of objects. Labels …Jan 8, 2022 · The kubectl command-line tool supports several different ways to create and manage Kubernetes objects. This document provides an overview of the different approaches. Read the Kubectl book for details of managing objects by Kubectl. Management techniques Warning: A Kubernetes object should be managed using only one technique. …Oct 23, 2023 · Operators are software extensions to Kubernetes that make use of custom resources to manage applications and their components. Operators follow Kubernetes principles, notably the control loop. Motivation The operator pattern aims to capture the key aim of a human operator who is managing a service or set of services. Human operators …Feb 16, 2024 · Using kubeadm, you can create a minimum viable Kubernetes cluster that conforms to best practices. In fact, you can use kubeadm to set up a cluster that will pass the Kubernetes Conformance tests. kubeadm also supports other cluster lifecycle functions, such as bootstrap tokens and cluster upgrades. The kubeadm tool is good if you need: A …Oct 10, 2023 · The Kubernetes model for connecting containers Now that you have a continuously running, replicated application you can expose it on a network. Kubernetes assumes that pods can communicate with other pods, regardless of which host they land on. Kubernetes gives every pod its own cluster-private IP address, so you do not need to …Kustomize is a standalone tool to customize Kubernetes objects through a kustomization file. Since 1.14, Kubectl also supports the management of Kubernetes objects using a kustomization file. To view Resources found in a directory containing a kustomization file, run the following command: kubectl …Aug 7, 2023 · Custom Resources. Custom resources are extensions of the Kubernetes API. This page discusses when to add a custom resource to your Kubernetes cluster and when to use a standalone service. It describes the two methods for adding custom resources and how to choose between them. In Kubernetes, a HorizontalPodAutoscaler automatically updates a workload resource (such as a Deployment or StatefulSet), with the aim of automatically scaling the workload to match demand. Horizontal scaling means that the response to increased load is to deploy more Pods. This is different from vertical scaling, which for Kubernetes would mean …In Kubernetes, some objects are owners of other objects. For example, a ReplicaSet is the owner of a set of Pods. These owned objects are dependents of their owner. Ownership is different from the labels and selectors mechanism that some resources also use. For example, consider a Service that creates EndpointSlice objects. …Nov 18, 2023 ... Summarizing. Resources in Kubernetes parlance can mean both - resource types and resource instances. Resource types are organized into API ... kubectl delete -k dir. # Delete resources from all files that end with '.json'. kubectl delete -f '*.json'. # Delete a pod based on the type and name in the JSON passed into stdin. cat pod.json | kubectl delete -f -. # Delete pods and services with same names "baz" and "foo". Scaling Kubernetes to 7,500 Nodes; The Best Resources to Learn Kubernetes Online. Following are the list of the best online resource to learn Kubernetes practically. 1. The official Kubernetes Basics Tutorial. The official Kubernetes website has browser-based hands-on kubernetes basic tutorials powered by Katacoda scenarios. It …Sep 1, 2023 · This document highlights and consolidates configuration best practices that are introduced throughout the user guide, Getting Started documentation, and examples. This is a living document. If you think of something that is not on this list but might be useful to others, please don't hesitate to file an issue or submit a PR. General Configuration Tips …To scale an application and provide a reliable service, you need to understand how the application behaves when it is deployed. You can examine application performance in a Kubernetes cluster by examining the containers, pods, services, and the characteristics of the overall cluster. Kubernetes provides detailed information about an application's …API resources, such as Pods and Services are objects that can be read and modified through the Kubernetes API server. Resource requests and limits of Pod and Container. …Creating Highly Available Clusters with kubeadm. Set up a High Availability etcd Cluster with kubeadm. Configuring each kubelet in your cluster using kubeadm. Dual-stack support with kubeadm. Turnkey Cloud Solutions. Best practices. Considerations for large clusters. Running in multiple zones. Validate node setup.Jan 21, 2022 ... I want to create a CI job with multiple services and set resource requests/limits for containers in the job's Pod specifically for each of ...Creating Highly Available Clusters with kubeadm. Set up a High Availability etcd Cluster with kubeadm. Configuring each kubelet in your cluster using kubeadm. Dual-stack support with kubeadm. Turnkey Cloud Solutions. Best practices. Considerations for large clusters. Running in multiple zones. Validate node setup.kubectl get pod test-pod -o custom-columns=CONTAINER:.spec.containers[0].name,IMAGE:.spec.containers[0].image. # List all replication controllers and services together in ps output format. kubectl get rc,services. # List one or more resources by their type and names.Labels are key/value pairs that are attached to objects such as Pods. Labels are intended to be used to specify identifying attributes of objects that are meaningful and relevant to users, but do not directly imply semantics to the core system. Labels can be used to organize and to select subsets of objects. Labels … Kubernetes (K8S) is an open-source workload scheduler with focus on containerized applications. You can use the Terraform Kubernetes provider to interact with resources supported by Kubernetes. In this tutorial, you will learn how to interact with Kubernetes using Terraform, by scheduling and exposing a NGINX deployment on a Kubernetes cluster. January 9, 2024. Learning Kubernetes can seem overwhelming. It’s a complex container orchestration system that has a steep learning curve. But with the right roadmap and …This page contains a list of commonly used kubectl commands and flags. Note: These instructions are for Kubernetes v1.29. To check the version, use the kubectl version command. Kubectl autocomplete BASH source <(kubectl completion bash) # set up autocomplete in bash into the current shell, bash-completion package should be installed …There are two types of resources: CPU and Memory. The Kubernetes scheduler uses these to figure out where to run your pods. …A service account is a type of non-human account that, in Kubernetes, provides a distinct identity in a Kubernetes cluster. Application Pods, system components, and entities inside and outside the cluster can use a specific ServiceAccount's credentials to identify as that ServiceAccount. This identity is useful in various situations, including ...In Kubernetes, a HorizontalPodAutoscaler automatically updates a workload resource (such as a Deployment or StatefulSet), with the aim of automatically scaling the workload to match demand. Horizontal scaling means that the response to increased load is to deploy more Pods. This is different from vertical scaling, which for Kubernetes would mean …Aug 31, 2022 · Authors:: David Porter (Google), Mrunal Patel (Red Hat) Kubernetes 1.25 brings cgroup v2 to GA (general availability), letting the kubelet use the latest container resource management capabilities. What are cgroups? Effective resource management is a critical aspect of Kubernetes. This involves managing the finite resources in your nodes, …This document describes persistent volumes in Kubernetes. Familiarity with volumes, StorageClasses and VolumeAttributesClasses is suggested. Introduction Managing storage is a distinct problem from managing compute instances. The PersistentVolume subsystem provides an API for users and administrators that abstracts …If you are in the market for a used car, you may find yourself overwhelmed by the sheer number of options available. Thankfully, there are numerous online resources that can help s...Dec 28, 2022 ... 1 Answer 1 ... You could raise the scheduling priority of your pod so that it will preempt (evict) the other pods if necessary. You could also ...You can use the Kubernetes API to read and write Kubernetes resource objects via a Kubernetes API endpoint. Resource Categories. This is a high-level overview of the basic types of resources provide by the Kubernetes API and their primary functions. Workloads are objects you use to manage and run your containers on the cluster. Discovery & LB ...Kubernetes allows you to allocate and manage computing resources (CPU and memory) for pods. This ensures efficient resource utilization. Storage orchestration. … To scale an application and provide a reliable service, you need to understand how the application behaves when it is deployed. You can examine application performance in a Kubernetes cluster by examining the containers, pods, services, and the characteristics of the overall cluster. Kubernetes provides detailed information about an application's resource usage at each of these levels. This ... Feb 6, 2024 · 3. Using kubectl api-resources. When we want a more encompassing list of all resources in a namespace, we can combine the kubectl api-resources command with kubectl-get: $ kubectl api-resources --verbs=list --namespaced -o name | xargs -n 1 kubectl get --ignore-not-found --show-kind -n <namespace>. Let’s try the command on the default ... Jul 29, 2019 · To get CPU and Memory usage you can use (depending on the object you like to see) the following: kubectl top pods or kubectl top nodes which will show you $ kubectl top pods NAME CPU(cores) MEMORY(bytes) nginx-1-5d4f8f66d9-xmhnh 0m 1Mi Pods, Deployments and Replica Sets: Kubernetes Resources Explained. By James Walker. Published Apr 5, 2021. Kubernetes is not known for being approachable. … kubectl delete -k dir. # Delete resources from all files that end with '.json'. kubectl delete -f '*.json'. # Delete a pod based on the type and name in the JSON passed into stdin. cat pod.json | kubectl delete -f -. # Delete pods and services with same names "baz" and "foo". Jan 1, 2024 · Kubernetes workloads consume node resources, like CPU and memory. In a multi-tenant environment, you can use Resource Quotas to manage resource usage of tenant workloads. For the multiple teams use case, where tenants have access to the Kubernetes API, you can use resource quotas to limit the number of API resources (for …The more resources a Kubernetes cluster consumes, the more expensive it is to run. If we allocate minimal resources to save on cost, we face poor performance and frequent, costly OOM errors. By properly specifying our compute resource requests and limits, we can minimize overspending, optimize …445. Method 1: To delete everything from the current namespace (which is normally the default namespace) using kubectl delete: kubectl delete all --all. all refers to all resource types such as pods, deployments, services, etc. --all is used to delete every object of that resource type instead of specifying it using its name or label. To delete ...Meanwhile, the Kubernetes scheduling algorithm entails a variety of factors, such as NodeResourcesLeastAllocated and Pod affinity. The reason why memory resources are often unevenly distributed is that for apps, memory is considered scarcer than other resources. Besides, a Kubernetes scheduler …Feb 19, 2024 · Dynamic Resource Allocation. FEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.27 [alpha] Dynamic resource allocation is an API for requesting and sharing resources between pods and containers inside a pod. It is a generalization of the persistent volumes API for generic resources. Third-party resource drivers are responsible for tracking and allocating resources. Job is a Kubernetes resource that runs a Pod, or perhaps several Pods, to carry out a task and then stop. (Once scheduled , Pod objects become part of the desired state for a kubelet). When the Job controller sees a new task it makes sure that, somewhere in your cluster, the kubelets on a set of Nodes are running …Aug 24, 2023 · FEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.29 [stable] This page shows how to assign extended resources to a Container. Before you begin You need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have ... FEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.26 [beta] This document shows you how to use the Pod failure policy, in combination with the default Pod backoff failure policy, to improve the control over the handling of container- or Pod-level failure within a Job. The definition of Pod failure policy may help you to: better …If you’re interested in learning C programming, you’re in luck. The internet offers a wealth of resources that can help you master this popular programming language. One of the mos...What are Kubernetes Resources? In Kubernetes, everything is accessed through APIs. To create different types of objects such as pods, namespaces, configmaps etc ...May 25, 2023 · Set pod requests and limits on all pods in your YAML manifests. If the AKS cluster uses resource quotas and you don't define these values, your deployment may be rejected. Use pod requests and limits to manage compute resources within an AKS cluster. Pod requests and limits inform the Kubernetes scheduler of the compute resources to assign to a ... Oct 16, 2023 · Kubernetes resources are the building blocks of Kubernetes and are what you use to build complex applications. A Kubernetes resource is a lightweight object that represents a single entity in the cluster. A Kubernetes resource includes information about how to interact with that entity and metadata such as its name and labels. kubernetes_resources. This data source is a generic way to query for a list of Kubernetes resources and filter them using a label or field selector. Example: Get a list of namespaces excluding "kube-system" using field_selector The kubelet takes a set of PodSpecs and ensures that the described containers are running and healthy. kube-apiserver - REST API that validates and configures data for API objects such as pods, services, replication controllers. kube-controller-manager - Daemon that embeds the core control loops shipped with Kubernetes.Anything we create in a Kubernetes cluster is considered a resource: deployments, pods, services and more. For this tutorial, we’ll focus on primary resources like CPU and memory, along with other resource types like ephemeral storage and extended resources. One aspect of cluster management is to assign these resources …Terraform must authenticate with Kubernetes to deploy resources to your cluster. Use the kubectl config view command to generate a terraform.tfvars file from the template in the example repository. This file sets values for variables in the example configuration, which the Kubernetes provider will use to authenticate with your Kubernetes cluster.Mar 12, 2024 · Update the apt package index, install kubelet, kubeadm and kubectl, and pin their version: sudo apt-get update. sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl. sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl. (Optional) Enable the kubelet service before running kubeadm: sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet.Designing your own flyer can be a daunting task, especially if you don’t have any design experience. However, thanks to the internet, there are now various free templates and resou...Manage compute resourcesedit ... In Kubernetes, requests defines the minimum amount of resources that must be available for a Pod to be scheduled; limits defines ...Aug 12, 2020 · A Kubernetes deployment is a resource object in Kubernetes that provides declarative updates to applications. A deployment allows you to describe an application’s life cycle, such as which images to use for the app, the number of pods there should be, and the way in which they should be updated. Note: Kubernetes doesn't count terminating Pods when calculating the number of availableReplicas, which must be between replicas - maxUnavailable and replicas + maxSurge. As a result, you might notice that there are more Pods than expected during a rollout, and that the total resources consumed by the Deployment is more than replicas …A Kubernetes pod is a group of containers and is the smallest unit that Kubernetes administers. Pods have a single IP address applied to every container within the pod. Pods are always co-located and co-scheduled and run in a shared context. Containers in a pod share the same resources such as memory and …Apr 5, 2021 · Kubernetes works out how to schedule workloads based on the availability of each Node and the constraints you enforce. You can view the full resource list for your cluster by running . kubectl api-resources. In addition to the built-in resources, workloads can add their own Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs) which let you create new kinds of ... May 4, 2023 · Adjusting Kubernetes resource limits can quickly get tricky, especially when you start scaling your environments. The level of waste is higher than you’d expect: one in every two K8s containers uses less than a third of its requested CPU and memory. Optimizing resource limits is like walking on a tightrope.Dec 7, 2023 · This tutorial shows you how to run a sample app on Kubernetes using minikube. The tutorial provides a container image that uses NGINX to echo back all the requests. Objectives Deploy a sample application to minikube. Run the app. View application logs. Before you begin This tutorial assumes that you have already set up minikube. See …The Kubernetes API is a resource-based (RESTful) programmatic interface provided via HTTP. It supports retrieving, creating, updating, and deleting primary resources via the standard HTTP verbs (POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, GET). For some resources, the API includes additional subresources that allow …This page shows how to configure default CPU requests and limits for a namespace. A Kubernetes cluster can be divided into namespaces. If you create a Pod within a namespace that has a default CPU limit, and any container in that Pod does not specify its own CPU limit, then the control plane assigns the default CPU …Each node in a cluster has resources available to it and pods scheduled to run on the node may or may not have resource requests or limits set on them.Kubernetes offers beta support for aggregated discovery, publishing all resources supported by a cluster through two endpoints (/api and /apis) compared to one for every group version. Requesting this endpoint drastically reduces the number of requests sent to fetch the discovery for the average …Kubernetes resources play a crucial role in managing and optimizing the performance of containerized applications. They are essential for ensuring your applications run smoothly and efficiently in your cluster. You can control how much of each resource a container needs, ensuring appropriate allocation and utilization, by defining resource ...Are you interested in learning Portuguese but don’t want to spend a fortune on classes or language learning software? You’re in luck. There are plenty of free resources available o...Kubernetes offers beta support for aggregated discovery, publishing all resources supported by a cluster through two endpoints (/api and /apis) compared to one for every group version. Requesting this endpoint drastically reduces the number of requests sent to fetch the discovery for the average …In Kubernetes, namespaces provides a mechanism for isolating groups of resources within a single cluster. Names of resources need to be unique within a namespace, but not across namespaces. Namespace-based scoping is applicable only for namespaced objects (e.g. Deployments, Services, etc) and not …Each object in your cluster has a Name that is unique for that type of resource. Every Kubernetes object also has a UID that is unique across your whole cluster. For example, you can only have one Pod named myapp-1234 within the same namespace, but you can have one Pod and one Deployment that are each named myapp-1234. For …Feb 21, 2024 · kubectl port-forward - Forward one or more local ports to a pod. kubectl proxy - Run a proxy to the Kubernetes API server. kubectl replace - Replace a resource by filename or stdin. kubectl rollout - Manage the rollout of a resource. kubectl run - Run a particular image on the cluster.Aug 14, 2020 · Hierarchical namespaces are a new concept developed by the Kubernetes Working Group for Multi-Tenancy (wg-multitenancy) in order to solve these problems. In its simplest form, a hierarchical namespace is a regular Kubernetes namespace that contains a small custom resource that identifies a single, optional, parent namespace.Overview. Kubernetes is a portable, extensible, open source platform for managing containerized workloads and services, that facilitates both declarative configuration and automation. It has a large, rapidly growing ecosystem. Kubernetes services, support, and tools are widely available.
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Nov 7, 2023 · A HorizontalPodAutoscaler (HPA for short) automatically updates a workload resource (such as a Deployment or StatefulSet), with the aim of automatically scaling the workload to match demand. Horizontal scaling means that the response to increased load is to deploy more Pods. This is different from vertical scaling, which for Kubernetes would …Different Kubernetes resource types. At the time of writing this tutorial, there were there different resource types for which requests and limits could be imposed on a Pod and Container: CPU; Memory; Hugepages (Kubernetes v1.14 or newer) CPU and memory are collectively referred to as compute resources, or just resources.Kustomize is a standalone tool to customize Kubernetes objects through a kustomization file. Since 1.14, Kubectl also supports the management of Kubernetes objects using a kustomization file. To view Resources found in a directory containing a kustomization file, run the following command: kubectl … Pods. Pods are the smallest deployable units of computing that you can create and manage in Kubernetes. A Pod (as in a pod of whales or pea pod) is a group of one or more containers, with shared storage and network resources, and a specification for how to run the containers. A Pod's contents are always co-located and co-scheduled, and run in a ... Mar 12, 2024 · Update the apt package index, install kubelet, kubeadm and kubectl, and pin their version: sudo apt-get update. sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl. sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl. (Optional) Enable the kubelet service before running kubeadm: sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet.25 videosLast updated on Jul 12, 2022. Play all · Shuffle · 28:22. [ Kube 7 ] Kubernetes Pods Replicasets & Deployments. Just me and Opensource.You did not change the configuration file that you originally used to create the Deployment object. Other commands for updating API objects include kubectl annotate , kubectl edit , kubectl replace , kubectl scale , and kubectl apply. Note: Strategic merge patch is not supported for custom resources.Jul 23, 2022 · Summary. Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs) are Kubernetes API extensions which can define new object types. Pods, ReplicaSets, ConfigMaps, and Ingresses are examples of common built-in resources. CRDs let you add entirely new types to this list, then manage them using familiar Kubernetes tools such as Kubectl. In today’s digital age, finding information and resources has never been easier. Whether you’re a student, professional, or simply someone looking to learn something new, there are...Green Bay, Wisconsin is a vibrant city with plenty of resources available to its residents and visitors. From outdoor activities to cultural attractions, there is something for eve...Tracks real-time metrics associates with resources such as pods, containers and nodes. Power Users Welcome! Provides standard cluster management commands such ...Oct 5, 2023 · 此页面展示如何将内存请求（request）和内存限制（limit）分配给一个容器。 我们保障容器拥有它请求数量的内存，但不允许使用超过限制数量的内存。 准备开始 你必须拥有一个 Kubernetes 的集群，同时你必须配置 kubectl 命令行工具与你的集群通信。 建议在至少有两个不作为控制平面主机的节点的 ...Feb 19, 2024 · In this example, the following rules apply: The node must have a label with the key topology.kubernetes.io/zone and the value of that label must be either antarctica-east1 or antarctica-west1.; The node preferably has a label with the key another-node-label-key and the value another-node-label-value.; You can use the operator field to specify a …Jul 20, 2023 ... Understanding Kubernetes objects · What containerized applications are running (and on which nodes) · The resources available to those ...Nov 30, 2018 ... Kubernetes API Resources: Which Group and Version to Use? ... Kubernetes uses declarative API which makes the system more robust. But, this means ...If you’re ready to try your hand at coding, you’re in luck, because there is no shortage of online classes and resources available. Read on to discover some of the easiest ways to ...Kubernetes resources play a crucial role in managing and optimizing the performance of containerized applications. They are essential for ensuring your applications run smoothly and efficiently in your cluster. You can control how much of each resource a container needs, ensuring appropriate allocation and utilization, by defining resource ...The definition of a natural resource is something that is found in nature that is useful to humans. All natural resources are finite, meaning once they are used, they cannot be rep...Pods, Deployments and Replica Sets: Kubernetes Resources Explained. By James Walker. Published Apr 5, 2021. Kubernetes is not known for being approachable. …扩展资源（Extended Resources） 扩展资源是 kubernetes.io 域名之外的标准资源名称。 它们使得集群管理员能够颁布非 Kubernetes 内置资源，而用户可以使用他们。 使用扩展资源需要两个步骤。首先，集群管理员必须颁布扩展资源。 其次，用户必须在 Pod 中请求扩展资源。.